Ursolic acid: apple anabolic
http://www.ergo-log.com/ursolicacid.html
The fatty layer on apple peel contains a compound that has an anabolic effect, write researchers from the University of Iowa in Cell Metabolism. It's called ursolic acid, but also goes by the shorter name of malol [structural formula shown below]. In tests on mice, the compound caused their muscles to grow and fat mass to shrink.
Malol
Ursolic acid is also present in basil, blueberries, cranberries, rosemary, oregano, thyme and plums. And while we're on the subject of plums: researchers at the American department of agriculture discovered in 2006 that prunes [dried plums] boost the concentration of IGF-1. [Bone. 2006 Dec;39(6):1331-42.] They had no explanation for this, but it might be that ursolic acid explains the special effects of prunes.
The researchers from Iowa stumbled upon the anabolic properties of ursolic acid when they were examining cells from muscle tissue that was wasting. They determined which genes in the cells were active during the process of muscular atrophy. Then they searched databases for substances that had precisely the opposite effect. The most promising substance that they found was ursolic acid.
The researchers gave this to fasting mice and observed that the ursolic acid led to a reduction in the processes of muscle atrophy. They then did a second round of experiments, in which the mice were given as much to eat as they wanted. A control group was given ordinary feed and another group was given feed containing 0.27 percent ursolic acid.
The figures immediately below show that a five-week course of malol resulted in growth of the quadriceps and that the mice grew stronger. The activity of the catabolic genes MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1 declined in the muscle cells. In contrast, the activity of the gene for IGF-1 increased, as did the concentration of IGF-1 in the blood. Molecular signalling molecules, like the receptor for IGF-1, Akt and S6K, were switched on.
The graphs are on ergo-log.com, I cannot put them here.
The figure above describes the effect on muscle and fat mass of seven weeks of supplementation with increasing doses of ursolic acid.
In the animal studies ursolic acid also reduced the fat cells' emission of leptin, the concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol, and even the fasting glucose level. All of these are positive effects.
The researchers suspect that ursolic acid's prime target is the IGF-1 receptor. This becomes more sensitive and as a result the IGF-1 that is present in the body works better.
"Given the current lack of therapies for skeletal muscle atrophy, we speculate that ursolic acid might be investigated as a potential therapy for illness- and age-related muscle atrophy", the researchers conclude. "It may be useful as a monotherapy or in combination with other strategies that have been considered, such as myostatin inhibition. A systematic search for ursolic acid derivatives that are more potent and/or efficacious could also be undertaken."
Source:
Cell Metab. 2011 Jun 8; 13(6): 627-38.
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08-08-2011, 02:27 AM #1
Ursolic acid: anabolic agent found in apples
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08-08-2011, 07:04 AM #2
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Results are interesting, but when extrapolating this to humans the compound may need to be an injectable.
As a starting dose, 400 mg/kg/d would be ~40 mg/kg/d humans (based on BSA allometric scaling). Based on very limited human pharmacokinetic data, oral administration seems to have saturable behavior at around a dose of 80 mg/d.It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it.
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08-08-2011, 11:08 AM #3
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08-08-2011, 01:52 PM #4
Agreed, the spermatotoxic effects warrant further research. In correlation to their findings in 1998, Akbarsha et al, 2000 revealed that an i.p. injection of ursolic acid 25 mg kg (-1) body weight per day to adult rats, resulted in the retention of the cytoplasmic droplet by spermatozoa, wich in turn negatively alters motility, epididymal function and reduces fertility.
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Wherever progression lacks.... regress can be found in abundance.
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08-09-2011, 09:16 AM #5
Given that there is another thread in this section on the anabolic effects of Holy Basil, an herb high in ursolic acid, I thought I'd ask the obvious question: is it reasonable to assume that the apparently steroidal actions of Holy Basil on testosterone levels is not due to some unknown phyto-androgen in Holy Basil but rather to its well-known abundance of ursolic acid? And that this would also explain the negative effects on fertility seen with higher doses of Holy Basil? Just wondering!
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08-09-2011, 01:30 PM #6
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08-09-2011, 02:18 PM #7
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08-09-2011, 02:28 PM #8
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08-09-2011, 07:36 PM #9
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08-09-2011, 07:44 PM #10
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08-10-2011, 03:01 AM #11
Ursolic acid is present in many plants, including apples , basil , bilberries , cranberries , elder flower , peppermint , rosemary , lavender , oregano , thyme , hawthorn , prunes . Apple peels contain high quantity of Ursolic acid and related compounds which are responsible for the anti-cancer activity of apple. Ursolic acid can also serve as a starting material for synthesis of more potent bioactive derivatives, such as anti-tumor agents [5] . (from en.wikipedia.org)
Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) catalyzes the acylation of cholesterol to cholesteryl ester with long chain fatty acids and ACAT inhibition is a useful strategy for treating hypercholesterolemia or atherosclerosis. Pentacyclic triterpenes, ursolic acid (1), oleanolic acid (2), and betulinic acid (3) were isolated from the methanol extracts of the leaves of Lycopus lucidus TURCZ. by bioassay-guided fractionation. The structures of compounds 1-3 were elucidated by their spectroscopic data analysis. Among them, betulinic acid (3) exhibited more potent human ACAT-1 and ACAT-2 inhibitory activities with IC(50) values of 16.2+/-0.6 and 28.8+/-1.3 microM, respectively. (from www.mdidea.com)
Topical application of ursolic acid derived from rosemary extract inhibited TPA-induced Tumor initiation and Promotion , inflammation, and ornithine decarboxylase activity in mouse skin. Ursolic acid exhibited strong anti-inflammatory activity. It is even more active than carnosol, another constituent of rosemary extract. As shown in Figure 3, twice weekly application of 1 or 2 ?mol of ursolic acid along with 5 nmol of TPA for 20 weeks inhibited the formation of skin tumors per mouse by 45 or 61%, respectively. (from www.sabinsa.com)
"We have previously reported that ursolic acid , a pentacyclic triterpene acid , inhibited the invasion of HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells by reducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9. we suggest that ursolic acid may induce the repression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by stimulating the nuclear translocation of glucocorticoid receptor, and the translocated glucocorticoid receptor probably down-modulating the trans-activating function of AP-1 to 2-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-acetate responsible element of matrix metalloproteinase-9 promoter region." (from www.ursolicare.com)
Ursolic acid is a compound that exists in many foods, herbs and other plants, including apples, sage, cranberries, oregano and peppermint. 2 In recent research, ursolic acid has been shown to have an anti-tumor effects on mice and rats. Ursolic acid is relatively non-toxic and is used in many cosmetics and health products. 1 Ursolic acid has been shown to have bone-forming activity . 7 Ursolic Acid has been shown to have antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory effects. 2 It has even been suggested as a food additive to prevent dental caries. 5 (from www.essense-of-life.com)
ursolic acid treatment improves the health of skin and hair. ursolic acid and its derivatives form oil-resistant barriers on the skin and hair, just as they form the waxy coating of fruits. (from www.ama4usa.com)
S028.Loquat Leaf extract .Glossy privet Leaf extract . (from www.mdidea.com)
Ursolic acid has medicinally action, both topically and internally. Ursolic acid is used in many cosmetic preparations for its anti-inflammatory , antitumor and antimicrobial properties . (from www.phytochemicals.info)
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08-10-2011, 03:06 AM #12
Ursolic acid
200px-Ursolic_acid.png200px-Ursolic_acid.png
It is steroidal looking, but not really knowing about the bonds someone else may have an idea of its potency.
And having to inject it would be a pain.
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08-10-2011, 03:10 AM #13
The amount of ursolic acid varies among different types of apple. A medium Fuji apple, for example, contains about 50 mg of ursolic acid. Granny Smith and Gala varieties have a bit less about 35 mg.
http://www.healthiertalk.com/new-ant...ld-advice-4195
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08-10-2011, 05:20 AM #14
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08-11-2011, 03:32 PM #15
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09-14-2011, 06:34 PM #16
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Is this in the same family as corosolic acid? I would assume if so, the effects on insulin could be similar. In corosolic's case, I've read literature suggesting it blocks nutrient/carbohydrate absorption. This isn't always a good thing.
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09-14-2011, 06:39 PM #17
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09-14-2011, 06:43 PM #18
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09-14-2011, 06:54 PM #19
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09-14-2011, 10:46 PM #20
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09-15-2011, 04:01 AM #21
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09-16-2011, 06:39 AM #22
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09-16-2011, 08:56 AM #23
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09-18-2011, 03:15 AM #24
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The write-up is already available: E-Pharm Ursobolic
See also: The Potential Benefits of Ursolic Acid
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10-14-2011, 07:43 PM #25
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10-15-2011, 01:58 AM #26
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10-15-2011, 05:28 AM #27
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10-20-2011, 06:16 AM #28
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10-20-2011, 06:25 AM #29
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10-20-2011, 07:57 AM #30
I am staying away. I don't get it either. I love working out, I wanna get bigger, but the risks people take for muscle is crazy IMO. For the young people that say this about fertility...people do change their minds.
I just figured a post use study could stop the contraversy.Trust the Process
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