After reading this I think I'm going to stop drinking water.Originally Posted by Trung Q Pham, MD
Background: Hypernatremia is an electrolyte problem that is not uncommon, especially in elderly people who are hospitalized. Poor water intake, inability to express thirst, insensible water loss, or increased urinary water loss lead to dehydration and an increased concentration of serum electrolytes relative to water.
The development of hyperosmolality from the water loss leads to neuronal cell shrinkage and resultant brain injury. Loss of volume leads to circulatory problems (eg, tachycardia, hypotension). Water replacement can lead to cerebral edema.
Pathophysiology: The fundamental problem is that hypernatremia strictly defined is hyperosmolality, ie, an overall deficit of total body water. This deficit accrues by 2 mechanisms, which are inadequate fluid intake and water loss. Because thirst is a potent mechanism in the response to hyperosmolality, hypernatremia patients either have an inadequate thirst mechanism or have an inability to respond to thirst. If the thirst response to hyperosmolality is impaired, ongoing water losses raise serum sodium concentration. Ongoing water losses include insensible (always) water in excess of solute or renal loss (with a solute diuresis such as hyperglycemia or water diuresis). Increased sodium intake (salt tablets) is a rare cause of hypernatremia in hot, humid weather. The brain cell response to hypernatremia is critical and is contained in Image 1.
The keys to the pathophysiology of hypernatremia include the following:
Thirst should lead to water intake.
Vasopressin is critical to water reabsorption in the cortical collecting tubule.
The CNS is sensitive to changes in osmolality.
Water may be lost by renal and extrarenal mechanisms.
Frequency:
In the US: Overall, incidence ranges from 0.12-3.5% in hospitalized patients. Hypernatremia is most prevalent in the geriatric population.
Mortality/Morbidity:
The mortality rate across all age groups is approximately 45%.
The mortality rate in the geriatric age group is as high as 79%.
Race: No race predilection exists.
Sex:No sex predilection exists.
Age:
The groups most commonly affected are elderly people and young people.
People typically affected are aged 59-83 years.
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10-21-2006, 04:31 PM #1
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**WATER- The Ill Effects of Too Much H20**
Originally Posted by Trung Q Pham, MDLast edited by deserusan; 10-21-2006 at 04:33 PM.
"I just use my muscles as a conversation piece, like someone walking a cheetah down 42nd Street." - Arnold Schwarzenegger
Heretic....
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10-21-2006, 04:38 PM #2
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10-21-2006, 04:44 PM #6
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET FOR DIHYDROGEN MONOXIDE
Should I be concerned about Dihydrogen Monoxide?
Yes, you should be concerned about DHMO! Although the U.S. Government and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) do not classify Dihydrogen Monoxide as a toxic or carcinogenic substance (as it does with better known chemicals such as hydrochloric acid and benzene), DHMO is a constituent of many known toxic substances, diseases and disease-causing agents, environmental hazards and can even be lethal to humans in quantities as small as a thimbleful.
Research conducted by award-winning U.S. scientist Nathan Zohner concluded that roughly 86 percent of the population supports a ban on dihydrogen monoxide. Although his results are preliminary, Zohner believes people need to pay closer attention to the information presented to them regarding Dihydrogen Monoxide. He adds that if more people knew the truth about DHMO then studies like the one he conducted would not be necessary.
A similar study conducted by U.S. researchers Patrick K. McCluskey and Matthew Kulick also found that nearly 90 percent of the citizens participating in their study were willing to sign a petition to support an outright ban on the use of Dihydrogen Monoxide in the United States.Is it true that using DHMO improves athletic performance?
Absolutely! With the numerous allegations of amateur and professional athletes using anabolic steroids and/or blood doping to enhance performance, virtually no attention has been paid to the performance enhancing properties of Dihydrogen Monoxide. It is perhaps the sporting world's dirtiest of dirty little secrets that athletes regularly ingest large quantities of DHMO in an effort to gain a competitive edge over an opponent.
One technique commonly used by endurance athletes in sports such as distance running and cycling is to take a large amount of DHMO immediately prior to a race. This is known within racing circles to dramatically improve performance.
Sports-medicine physicians warn that ingesting too much Dihydrogen Monoxide can lead to complications and unwanted side-effects, but do acknowledge the link to improved performance. DHMO is not currently considered a banned substance, so post-race urine tests do not detect elevated or abnormal levels of DHMO.BLAP BLAP BLAPB APBLAP PLAB BAPB BP@P BLAPL APBLL LBAP
"If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough"
- Albert Einstein
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10-21-2006, 04:50 PM #7
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10-21-2006, 04:55 PM #8
About the whole hypernatremia argument...All you need is a pack of crackers or something with salt and sugar. Marathon runners get this often because they drink too much water and do not consume enough electrolytes. The human body can comfortably consume around 320z of water every 20 minutes. And if you are extremely dehydrated you should not chug water at your first chance to drink it, or else you might vomit only becoming more dehydrated. Water is necessary, however, and even when you are not thirsty you can still be dehydrated.
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10-21-2006, 04:58 PM #9
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10-21-2006, 05:06 PM #11
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10-21-2006, 05:09 PM #12Originally Posted by ENGMED
Hyponatremia is defined as an abnormally low level of sodium ions in the blood, which can be caused by drinking too much water without adequately replacing electrolytes...
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10-21-2006, 07:58 PM #24
Water is for sissys I drink pure 100% grade A pussy juice
"The road to salvation is through Christ"
Luke 1:74
to rescue us from the hand of our enemies, and to enable us to serve him without fear
^Love is the power of the righteousness life that overcomes the fear that leads to sin, and the life in which God is pleased.
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10-21-2006, 11:47 PM #25
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10-22-2006, 10:28 AM #26Originally Posted by IntensityXYes, there is indeed a deeper component to it all.
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10-22-2006, 01:41 PM #28
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