Addictions cause a decline in dopamine (D2) receptors, which is a major aspect of desensitization. Recent Internet addiction brain studies all show the same brain changes as found in substance addicts, including reduced dopamine D2 receptors and dopamine transporters. Dopamine balance is critical for peak social functioning. Indeed, research shows that social anxiety correlates with low dopamine (D2) receptors. The drug-like withdrawal symptoms that recovering users often suffer when they stop are more evidence of an addiction process at work.
Incidentally, porn use has to alter more than just the fundamental addiction pathways (in some brains). It’s striking how frequently porn addicts report chronic sexual dysfunction, which reverses itself as they recover. This doesn’t happen with other addictions. These broader effects may help explain loss of mojo. Could porn addiction, because it hijacks sexuality, have the power to interfere with the brain circuits that govern normal male mating/courting behavior?
Primates, D2 receptors and dominant males:
First question: What’s one primary biological difference between dominant and submissive primates? Dominant primates have higher levels of dopamine D2 receptors. They were not born with higher levels of D2 receptors, rather “becoming” a dominant male caused the increase.
Inducing addiction in these same primates resulted in the same low levels of D2 receptors in all the males.
Second question: During rebooting, are reported increases in confidence, sociability, and motivation related to regaining dopamine D2 receptor or dopamine levels?
Finally, low dopamine signalling has long suspected to be involved in depression. Recently, research confirmed that low dopamine is the main player in depression and low motivation. From the researchers;
“the VTA dopamine circuitry we studied is very similar in both rodents and humans. And we have shown that the neurons in this circuit specifically cause, correct and encode diverse symptoms of depression. This is a significant advance in our understanding of the biological underpinnings of depression and related behaviors,”
The good news is that many former users bloom socially when they allow their dopamine signalling to return to baseline (by skipping intense stimulation for a time). Fears and awkwardness decrease, mood improves, sexual responsiveness increases, colors seem brighter, and life’s subtler pleasures are more fulfilling. Social skills often bubble up naturally—much to the surprise of the recovering users. On the other hand, when they relapse, the familiar symptoms arise again. Eventually, they find a balance that works for them, often without Internet porn (because it’s just too stimulating at a brain-chemical level).
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