Palantir Business Overview
In one sentence, Palantir creates operating systems that integrates vast amounts of data from an organization’s various data silos and allows users to build applications that drive better decision making
If that's confusing, no worries. The way I like to think of Palantir's software is that if Batman purchased the software from a company today for his supercomputer which aggregates data from thousands of sources and allows him to make intelligent decisions, that software would be from Palantir
The company has three main software platforms: Gotham, Foundry, and Apollo
Gotham (government side)
Gotham is Palantir’s software offering primarily for defense and intelligence sectors, AKA governments
Gotham is an end-to-end operating system that collects data from hundreds to millions of different sources and combines them onto one platform so users can manage operations
Gotham is quickly becoming the de facto data solution across many US federal agencies and rumor has it that it was the software that helped track down Osama Bin Laden in 2011
Foundry (commercial side)
Next up is Foundry, a platform that is geared towards the 6,000 businesses around the world with over $500 million in revenue
Similar to Gotham, Foundry transforms the ways organizations operate by creating a central operating system for their data
For example, one of Palantir’s customers is Skywise, an aviation platform that has become the central operating system for the airline industry
Apollo (underlying infrastructure)
Apollo is the last piece of the Palantir puzzle, and you can think of it as the underlying infrastructure that Gotham and Foundry lie upon
Apollo is a relatively new platform that Palantir introduced in order to more efficiently update the software that runs Gotham and Foundry, increasing the number of upgrades Palantir can manage across installations from an average of 20,000 per week in Q2 2019 to more than 41,000 per week in Q2 2020
The company has estimated its total addressable market as $119 billion, of which $63 billion is for the government side while $56 billion is for commercial side
The Palantir Business Model
Known as Forward Deployed Engineers or FDEs, Palantir leverages their technical talent as support and sales as well and they are often sent to the front lines of the battlefield for Gotham or company for Foundry
I believe that this in particular is what helped Palantir create a competitive moat in the government sector
While the FDEs are a differentiator, Palantir has also started to build out a more traditional salesforce in order to better target customers and explain the company’s value proposition but this salesforce currently only accounts for 3% of the company’s total headcount
Using both FDEs and a traditional salesforce, Palantir’s business model employs a 3 step process: acquire, expand, and scale
Acquire
In the acquire step, Palantir provides a potential customer with a short-term pilot program at Palantir’s expense and therefore operate at a loss
Expand
In the expand phase, Palantir seeks to understand the customer’s key challenges and ensure that its software delivers results
Scale
The scale phase is where Palantir thrives. At this point, the customer is essentially using Palantir’s software for its operations and Palantir can also upsell to the customer by continually offering new services with minimal extra cost
To give you a sense of the numbers for each phase, In 2019, Palantir generated a total of $742.6 million in revenue, of which $0.6 million came from customers in the Acquire phase, $176.3 million from the Expand phase, and $565.7 million from the Scale phase
The Bull Case
Section 2377
In 2016, Palantir sued the US Army in what’s known as Decision 2377
To go into the history a little bit, in 1994, the Federal Streamlining Acquisition Act (FASA) was passed, which required that the federal government consider and acquire readily available, proven commercial services like Palantir’s rather than custom-developed solutions built by the government which has a reputation for spending inefficiently
This rule was largely ignored until Palantir sued and won in court, and this was extremely important because it allowed Palantir to compete and win deals across all federal agencies, which greatly helps the company realize its total addressable market. Since then, Palantir's revenue from the US Army and US government has skyrocketed
Sticky, Best-in-Class Product
Simply put, there is nothing that offers what Palantir is offering. Its technology is way beyond most of its competitors in terms of offering a premium operating system
Palantir’s Gotham and Foundry often take more than a year to get fully up and running and the more it’s used, the more data in the system and the more time that has been spent by customers training employees on how to use the system
Palantir’s platforms becomes incredibly expensive to switch out of not just in terms of money but also time, with customers saying replacing the system could take anywhere from 6 to 18 months
To further prove this point, Palantir’s top 20 customers have been with the company for an average of 7 years and as of October 2020, 93% of revenue was generated by existing customers
In addition to this, in the latest quarterly earnings, Palantir was selected out of 999 bids by the US Army for a 2-year $91 million contract to build AI and machine learning capabilities
Positive Secular Trends and Growing, Achievable TAM
I think everyone at this point realizes that companies are going digital transformations and Palantir has spent $1.5 billion in the past 11 years creating innovative software that becomes increasingly powerful each day
The company is at the right place at the right time with a total addressable market expected to grow into the few hundreds of billions of dollars in the next 5 years
And with just about $1 billion dollars in revenue over the past 12 months, Palantir has less than 1% market share and has plenty of room for growth
But perhaps most importantly, Palantir is creating a much more efficient business model with an improving tech product that will help the company achieve its TAM
In the latest earnings call, management said that it plans to triple its salesforce headcount due to its recent success
And among other improvements, the Apollo platform has helped the company greatly reduce the costs and time required to get a customer up and running
Being able to better target customers and onboard them quickly while providing a best-in-class and sticky data platform points to a bright future for Palantir
The Bear Case
Double-Edged Business Model
While Palantir’s differentiated services and business model is one of the company’s key strengths, there are also several downsides as well
First, due to the custom-built solutions Palantir offers, the company undergoes a costly and complicated minimum 6 month sales cycle that can often amount to nothing
Second, even if a customer jumps on board, contracts are cancelable with a typical notice of 3-6 months
Third, the deep history it has with customers results in a very top-heavy concentration
As of the third quarter of 2020, the top 20 customers represented 61% of the company’s revenue, which notably is down from 73% from the year prior
Lastly, the deal-by-deal nature of Palantir’s business model means that the sources of revenue are lumpy and hard to predict, which can be a cause of concern for investors
Biden Administration and Negative Headline Risk
First, Peter Thiel was an outspoken supporter of Trump, who increased defense spending 5% a year while Obama decreased spending 3% a year.
While I don’t think this will be a long-term issue, a Biden presidency does represent a potential decrease in defense budgets which could hinder Palantir’s growth with Gotham
However, it is important to note that management during its latest earnings call did address this issue, stating that it has worked with many administrations across the world and doesn’t foresee this to be a problem
Second, Palantir has been targeted by the media several times for giving the government too much power and the political and social environment in which the tide seems to be turning against tech could present Palantir with headaches in the future
This risk is also further exacerbated by the fact that Palantir is 49.9999% owned by its co-founders, who are outspoken and strongly opinionated. Clear corporate governance risk.
Tough Competition in Commercial Space
In my opinion the largest obstacle Palantir faces is its ability to execute in the commercial space
Palantir offers an expensive, premium, custom-built end-to-end solution for clients, which is great for the government but not exactly what most businesses are looking for
Instead, most large scale businesses have already invested heavily into their own systems and want to buy best-in-class piecemeal solutions from different tech companies
Several notable businesses left Palantir from 2019 to 2020, including JP Morgan, Coca Cola, and American Express, and this decreased the customer count from 133 to 125
However, one important thing to note is that in the latest earnings call, Palantir’s management openly addressed this issue and the company has already started to provide solutions that are modular, which means customers can take the individual solutions they want rather than adopting the entire Foundry system
This also allows the company to offer different price points which may allow Palantir to be more competitive in the market
Recent news of bringing on BP and *** as clients could also be a sign that its Foundry business may be ready for mass adoption
Lock-up Expiration
Because this is a short-term risk, I’m adding this as a bonus bearish reason
Palantir went public through a direct listing on September 30, 2020, during which up to 20% of shares were available to trade (edit, thx for pointing this out!) for employees and stakeholders, (NOT all available shares outstanding)
This remaining 80% (roughly 30-40% of shares outstanding) is available to trade starting February 18th when the lockup expires and this could lead to a flooding of shares being sold and at the very least, volatility caused by the uncertainty
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