CLA And diabetes

[shorinryu]

if you have family history with diabetes do not touch it!


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Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been promoted as a "fat-burning" supplement and as a treatment for diabetes. However, there is little evidence that it works, and growing evidence that CLA might actually worsen blood sugar control in people who are overweight. .

Therapeutic Dosages
The typical dosage of CLA ranges from 3 to 5 g daily. As with all supplements taken at this high a dosage, it is important to purchase a reputable brand, as even very small amounts of a toxic contaminant could quickly add up.


Therapeutic Uses
While CLA is often called a weight loss supplement, studies have generally failed to confirm this proposed benefit. 1-4,8-10,15-19,24-26. A meta-analysis (systematic statistical review) of all the data found minimal benefits at most, whether for weight or body composition (ratio of muscle to fat).27

NOTE: Contrary to early reports, CLA does NOT appear to be a useful supplement for people with diabetes, and might in fact contribute to diabetes in overweight people. In addition, it might increase cardiovascular risk in another manner. See Safety Issues.

Some animal and test tube studies suggest that CLA might help prevent cancer, but the evidence is preliminary and inconsistent.7,11

A small double-blind trial found weak evidence that CLA might be useful for high cholesterol.13

One study failed to find that CLA can enhance immune function.28


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Safety Issues
CLA appears to be a generally safe nutritional substance.20 However, there are some concerns with its use.

During the course of investigations into its effect on fat, CLA was found to act somewhat similarly to some oral medications used for diabetes. This led to research into the possible usefulness of CLA as a treatment for diabetes. In one study, CLA reduced blood sugar levels in diabetic rats as effectively as a standard diabetes treatment.5 The same researchers also performed a small, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in humans. The results indicated that CLA improved insulin responsiveness in people with type 2 (adult onset) diabetes. However, several subsequent studies found opposite and rather alarming results: use of CLA by people with diabetes may worsen blood sugar control; in overweight people without diabetes, CLA might decrease insulin sensitivity, creating a a pre-diabetic state.14,21-23 At present, therefore, individuals with diabetes or at risk for it should not use CLA except under physician supervision.

One study found that CLA impairs endothelial function, suggesting that it might increase cardiovascular risk.29

Concerns have also been raised regarding use of CLA by nursing mothers. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study indicates that use of CLA reduces the fat content of human breast milk.12 Since infants depend on the fat in breast milk to provide adequate calories and on certain fats to aid proper growth and development, it is probably prudent for nursing mothers to avoid CLA supplements.

Maximum safe dosages of CLA for young children, pregnant women, or those with severe liver or kidney disease have not been determined.


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References

1. Erling T. A pilot study with the aim of studying the efficacy and tolerability of CLA (Tonalin) on the body composition in humans. Liilestrom, Norway: Medstat Research Ltd.; 1997 (unpublished).

2. West D. Reduced body fat with conjugated linoleic acid feeding in the mouse. FASEB J. 1997;11:A599.

3. Ferreira M, Kreider R, Wilson M, et al. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation during resistance training on body composition and strength [abstract]. J Strength Cond Res. 1997;11:280.

4. Blankson H, Stakkestad JA, ***ertun H, et al. Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat mass in overweight and obese humans. J Nutr. 2000;130:2943–2948.

5. Belury MA, Mahon A, Shi L. Role of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in the management of type 2 diabetes: evidence from Zucker diabetic (fa/fa) rats and human subjects. Paper presented at: 220th ACS National Meeting; August 20–24,2000; Washington, DC. Abstract AGFD 26.

6. Ip C, Banni S, Angioni E, et al. Conjugated linoleic acid–enriched butter fat alters mammary gland morphogenesis and reduces cancer risk in rats. J Nutr. 1999;129:2135–2142.

7. Chajes V, Lavillonniere F, Ferrari P, et al. Conjugated linoleic acid and the risk of breast cancer. Presented at: European Conference on Nutrition & Cancer; June 21–24, 2001; Lyon, France.

8. Smedman A, Vessby B. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation in humans—metabolic effects. Lipids. 2001;36:773–781.

9. Thom E. et al. Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat in healthy exercising humans. J Int Med Res 2001;29:392-396.

10. Riserus U, Berglund L, Vessby B. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduced abdominal adipose tissue in obese middle-aged men with signs of the metabolic syndrome: a randomised controlled trial. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001;25:1129–1135.

11. MacDonald HB. Conjugated linoleic acid and disease prevention: a review of current knowledge. J Am Coll Nutr. 2000;19(2 Suppl):111S-118S.

12. Masters N, McGuire MA, Beerman KA, et al. Maternal supplementation with CLA decreases milk fat in humans. Lipids. 2002;37:133-138.

13. Noone EJ, Noone EJ, Roche HM, et al. The effect of dietary supplementation using isomeric blends of conjugated linoleic acid on lipid metabolism in healthy human subjects. Br J Nutr. 2002;88:243-251.

14. Riserus U, Arner P, Brismar K, et al. Treatment with dietary trans10cis12 conjugated linoleic acid causes isomer-specific insulin resistance in obese men with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:1516-1521.

15. Gaullier JM, Halse J, Hoye K et al. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y reduces body fat mass in healthy overweight humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79:1118-25.

16. Kamphuis MM, Lejeune MP, Saris WH, et al. The effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation after weight loss on body weight regain, body composition, and resting metabolic rate in overweight subjects. Int J ObesRelat Metab Disord. 2003;27:840-7.

17. Kamphuis MM, Lejeune MP, Saris WH, et al. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation after weight loss on appetite and food intake in overweight subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003;57:1268-74.

18. Larsen TM, Toubro S, Astrup A. Efficacy and safety of dietary supplements containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) for the treatment of obesity-evidence from animal and human studies. J Lipid Res. 2003 [Epub ahead of print]

19. Malpuech-Brugere C, Verboeket-Van De Venne WP, Mensink RP, et al. Effects of two conjugated linoleic acid isomers on body fat mass in overweight humans. Obes Res. 2004;12:591-8.

20. Whigham LD, O'Shea M, Mohede IC, et al. Safety profile of conjugated linoleic acid in a 12-month trial in obese humans. Food Chem Toxicol. 2004;42:1701-9.

21. Moloney F, Yeow TP, Mullen A, et al. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation, insulin sensitivity, and lipoprotein metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80:887-95.

22. Riserus U, Vessby B, Arner P, et al. Supplementation with trans10 cis12-conjugated linoleic acid induces hyperproinsulinaemia in obese men: close association with impaired insulin sensitivity. Diabetologia. 2004 May 28 [Epub ahead of print]

23. Larsen TM, Toubro S, Astrup A. Efficacy and safety of dietary supplements containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) for the treatment of obesity-evidence from animal and human studies. J Lipid Res. 2003 [Epub ahead of print]

24. Larsen TM, Toubro S, Gudmundsen O et al. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y does not prevent weight or body fat regain. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83:606-12.

25. Taylor JS, Williams SR, Rhys R et al. Conjugated Linoleic Acid Impairs Endothelial Function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Dec 8 [Epub ahead of print].

26. Gaullier JM, Halse J, Hoye K, et al. Supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid for 24 months is well tolerated by and reduces body fat mass in healthy, overweight humans. J Nutr. 2005;135(4):778-84.

27. Voevodin M, Sinclair A, Gibson R et al. The effect of CLA on body composition in humans: systematic review and meta-analysis. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2005;14 Suppl:S55.

28. Nugent AP, Roche HM, Noone EJ et al. The effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on immune function in healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 Apr 13 [Epub ahead of print].

29. Taylor JS, Williams SR, Rhys R et al. Conjugated Linoleic Acid Impairs Endothelial Function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005 Dec 8 [Epub ahead of print].



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Last reviewed June 2006 by EBSCO CAM Review Board

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[shorinryu]

dear cobain you do not know the long term effects of CLA, especially for th a person that has diabetes in his/her family....