Octyl gallate (GAO) and other GAO derivatives enhance cellular accumulation of epicatechin, at least in vitro, by up to 426% (study below). In other studies, octyl gallate has also shown oral bioavailability in humans.
Would it make sense to dose these together? Seems to be a safe and low cost food additive.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22938538Abstract
The cellular accumulation of individual catechins was measured as an index of intestinal absorption to clarify the interactions among catechins. The cellular accumulation of (-)-epicatechin (EC) increased in the presence of other catechins. The ability of gallate catechin such as (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) to increase the cellular accumulation of EC was greater than that of nongallate catechins. Gallic acid octyl ester (GAO) also increased the cellular accumulation of EC by 426% as compared with that in untreated cells. Conversely, the cellular accumulation of ECG was not influenced by other catechins, but it increased by 54% in the presence of GAO. Experiments using GAO derivatives indicated that the gallate moiety required the presence of a catechol group and a neighboring carbonyl group, whereas the pyrogallol moiety, without a neighboring carbonyl group, required 3 hydroxyl groups to increase the cellular accumulation of EC. Furthermore, gallate esters required long carbon chains to increase the same. The experiment using EGCG, GAO, or their derivatives indicated that the ability of gallate or pyrogallol moiety to increase the cellular accumulation of EC was restricted by their hydrophobicity. These results suggest that the co-administration of foods containing functional materials such as gallate or pyrogallol moieties, increases the intestinal absorption of catechin.
PRACTICAL APPLICATION:
The cellular accumulation of (-)-epicatechin increased by the gallate or pyrogallol moiety in catechin structure. The interaction among catechins appeared to affect intestinal absorption of catechin. The bioavailability of catechin may be improved by co-administration of functional foods.
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04-30-2014, 04:11 PM #1
Follidrone (Epicatechin) + Octyl Gallate?
Last edited by Mmats; 05-01-2014 at 10:10 AM.
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05-01-2014, 10:32 AM #2
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05-01-2014, 01:39 PM #3
I believe the irritation issues are only caused by high concentrations of octyl gallate. Its already used as an additive in many foods to prevent rancidity. I guess the question is - Where does the threshold lie?
A temporary ADI of 0-0.1 mg octyl gallate/kg bw was allocated based on a NOEL of 17.5 mg/kg bw/day in a reproduction study with rats, to which a safety factor of 200 was applied.Last edited by Mmats; 05-03-2014 at 09:46 AM.
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05-01-2014, 03:50 PM #4
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05-01-2014, 07:21 PM #5
Glad to help, but hopefully you can check the full text before you make a decision (I can only get the abstract). Its not clear, looking at the abstract, exactly how effective EGCG was when compared to GAO (426%). For all we know, it may have taken 500mg EGCG to see an increase of epicatechin by only 10%.
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05-02-2014, 12:54 AM #6
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05-02-2014, 06:31 AM #7
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05-02-2014, 04:26 PM #8
Another Caco-2 assay shows grapefruit/lemon juice made a significant difference in retention.
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to characterize the impact of tea formulations on in vitro digestive recovery and subsequent uptake/retention of catechins by Caco-2 human intestinal cells. Beverages prepared with green tea (GT) extract provided 3, 18, 20, and 3.5 mg/100 mL of epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) respectively. Formulation variables included plain GT (control), ascorbic acid (AA) (24mg/100mL), and 20% (v/v) lemon (LM) and grapefruit (GF) juices. Samples were subjected to simulated gastric and small intestinal conditions with catechin levels assessed pre- and post-digestion. Differentiated monolayers of the TC7 clone of Caco-2 were incubated for 3h in PBS (pH 5.0) containing 20% digestate. Addition of juices significantly increased digestive recovery of catechins (30 to >70%) with greatest impact on EGC (28–78%) and EGCG (28–61%). Caco-2 intracellular catechin levels obtained from digested juice-tea beverages were significantly (p<0.05) higher (219 and 156 pmol/mg in GF and LM) than digested plain GT (58 pmol/mg) due to enhanced digestive recovery and increased uptake efficiency of catechins from GF and LM products. 1 h catechin retention by Caco-2 cells was highest for plain GT(23%) followed by GF(11.6%) and LM(6.5%) formulations. These data provide evidence that formulation factors impact both digestive recovery and may influence intestinal absorption of catechins from tea beverages.Last edited by Mmats; 05-03-2014 at 09:49 AM.
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05-02-2014, 08:56 PM #9
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05-02-2014, 08:57 PM #10
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05-03-2014, 06:07 AM #11
Are you trying to tell me something about the upcoming insider deal haha. I was sure you guys are dropping a GDA since its requested a lot.
ON a serious note I am just wanting to get the most out of my run on epi and I am not the most scientifically inclined. Thats the great thing about msg boards. I can get ? answered I would have no clue about.
Any help would be apreciatedReview Compilation Thread
http://forum.bodybuilding.com/showthread.php?t=160579471
(Complete)ProMera Log-Beta-Cret2.0/PumpExtrem/Peak400
http://forum.bodybuilding.com/showthread.php?t=158716123&pagenumber=
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05-03-2014, 10:21 AM #12
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05-03-2014, 02:09 PM #13
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05-03-2014, 02:22 PM #14
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05-03-2014, 02:46 PM #15
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05-04-2014, 10:44 AM #16
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05-04-2014, 11:10 AM #17
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05-06-2014, 04:08 PM #18
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05-06-2014, 04:18 PM #19
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One other thing......I wouldnt jump to conclusions without reading the entire study.
Often an abstract can make things look a certain way but when you read the whole text you see why.
Octyl gallate for example. The dose used was incredibly high. Orally unrealistic.
I have the full studies for both of those and a few others.
Interesting stuff for sure.
Looks like there are several ways to increase absorption. We are feeding test batches to guinea pigs as we speakDO OR DO NOT, THERE IS NO TRY
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05-06-2014, 04:32 PM #20
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05-06-2014, 05:06 PM #21
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05-06-2014, 06:04 PM #22
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05-07-2014, 03:51 AM #23
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05-09-2014, 09:57 AM #24
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05-09-2014, 03:42 PM #25
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05-12-2014, 09:02 AM #26
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05-21-2014, 02:23 PM #27
I thought I had already included the abstract showing vitamin C likely preventing efflux of epicatechin back to the intestinal lumen. Here it is -
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17688297
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests a role for tea catechins in reduction of chronic disease risk. However, stability of catechins under digestive conditions is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of common food additives on digestive recovery of tea catechins. Green tea water extracts were formulated in beverages providing 4.5, 18, 23, and 3.5 mg per 100 mL epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG), and epicatechin-gallate (ECG), respectively. Common commercial beverage additives; citric acid (CA), BHT, EDTA, ascorbic acid (AA), milk (bovine, soy, and rice), and citrus juice (orange, grapefruit, lemon, and lime) were formulated into finished tea beverages at incremental dosages. Samples were then subjected to in vitro digestion simulating gastric and small intestinal conditions with pre- and post-digestion catechin profiles assessed by HPLC. Catechin stability in green tea was poor with <20% total catechins remaining post-digestion. EGC and EGCG were most sensitive with less, not double equals 10% recovery. Teas formulated with 50% bovine, soy, and rice milk increased total catechin recovery significantly to 52, 55, and 69% respectively. Including 30 mg AA in 250 mL of tea beverage significantly (p<0.05) increased catechin recovery of EGC, EGCG, EC, and ECG to 74, 54, 82, and 45% respectively. Juice preparation resulted in the highest recovery of any formulation for EGC (81-98%), EGCG (56-76%), EC (86-95%), and ECG (30-55%). These data provide evidence that tea consumption practices and formulation factors likely impact catechin digestive recovery and may result in diverse physiological profiles.
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05-26-2014, 02:44 PM #28
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05-26-2014, 03:06 PM #29
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05-27-2014, 07:00 AM #30
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