This is a comprehensive guide gathering all of the relevant and scientifically backed up information with regards to hair loss, and featuring the most frequently asked questions that usually come up. The goal of this thread would be guiding people who would like to do something about their hair, but unable unable to conduct proper research, free of unscientific bias. In retrospect of the previous hair loss thread, I do not encourage you to flood my inbox with private messages, any further questions beyond the scope of this thread should be posted here, publicly. There are many people on this board just as knowledgeable as I am with hair loss and their treatments, and hopefully even more so, that should provide you with a better perspective overall than otherwise.
Please refrain from posting previously answered questions, use the search function if possible, any redundant questions may not be answered. Do not attempt posts convincing people to shave their heads, this is not the proper thread for such. I've already outlined this type of questions in the FAQ, and any further discussions should be done in a separate thread. Most of the questions and their subsequent answers in this FAQ come from either the previous thread, or questions I've personally received through PM. Go through them carefully if you need to, any inquiries you may have is most likely included. If you are not losing your hair, or indifferent towards them, it will most likely be a complete waste of time to go through this thread, but whatever you choose to do, please do not waste time and space for others who seek help.
Before I start, please note the following: I am not a physician, I do not promote nor condone the use of treatments or medication without professional medical supervision if necessary. I will not be held liable under any event, let that be positive or negative, from the improper use of information in this thread. I will be mostly stating facts and figures based on thorough research from peer-reviewed journals, publications and clinical trials done on human and animal models. The decision and subsequent responsibility, remains completely yours.
Good, let's begin.
1. Overview
1.1 What is androgenic alopecia?
Everyone has some degree of MPB, all males have hair follicles on the vertex and front of their scalps that's sensitive to androgens. But the amount of sensitivity, tissue expression, and androgen levels give us all different ranges and patterns for MPB. People need to understand that hairloss is genetic. No amount of diet, lifestyle, or shampoos will save it. If your genetic makeup writes off your hair, then you are fighting a losing battle. Genetic differences between subjects, such as polymorphisms in 5α-reductase, may also contribute to the intersubject variability, and hence, receptibility to treatment and susceptibility to hair loss. Now getting to the bottom of why MPB happens to some people, while others who have high amounts of scalp DHT with no hair loss, is still under study. So far, the most recent findings on the path to curing hair loss seems to pinpoint Prostaglandin D2, known as PGD2 and its derivative, 15-dPGJ2, as one of the main culprits for AGA.
One would think that people genetically predisposed to MPB somehow undergo increased PGD2 pathway activity in their balding scalps through an unknown mechanism, most likely triggered through DHT production, since we all know DHT is the first variable of the AGA equation. An elimination of PGD2 expression in scalp tissue should help with hair loss in this case. The mechanism for losing hair is definitely not simple. It's all related, one way or another, to your specific hormonal and AR profile, and genetics. Look at this chart.
This goes to show the immense amount of factors coupled that lead to hair loss. There's a reason why 5AR inhibitors stop and reverse hair loss. Literally interfering with any of these pathways or protein codings would help with hair loss, it's also interesting to point out from this chart why Finasteride and Dutasteride are so effective at preventing hair loss, which is also parallel to the model of why pseudohermaphrodites with congenital 5-Alpha-Reductase II deficiencies keep a youthful head of hair throughout their lives. Because it eliminates the mother of all these pathways, DHT. Cut that out of the equation, and you'd experience severe depression in DKK-1 and COX-2 pathways, both which have metabolites proven to exist in high numbers and very active forms on bald scalps. The specificities on the mechanism of how it stops hair from growing is still speculation at this point, but we do have a very good general idea of how they all add up. For example, finasteride has also been shown to work best on people who have high IGF-1 levels, whether or not the effect is direct is not fully known, but keep in mind that DKK-1 activity represses IGF-1 production, so IGF-1 levels may not have a direct effect on hair follicles, but it is simply a marker for weak DKK-1 expression. If we can somehow inhibit the cyclooxygenase-2 enzymes or the PTGS2 gene on one hand, and depress the pathway activity of DKK-1 gene on the other, all in one effective method of treatment, then we can skip the process of inhibiting 5-AR enzymes all together.
1.2 Why do most men lose their hair?
As in regards to where baldness comes from, I wish it was that easy, genetics is like rolling dice, depending on the chromosomes you inherit from each parent, create your genetic makeup and their respective expressions. The maternal lineage seems to be slightly more responsible for MPB, since one of the key factors in it, which is AR sensitivity, is only coded on the X chromosome.
On the other hand, another study shows that it's much more complex than that. It seems family history from the paternal lineage has statistically larger significance.
The heterogeneity in the clinical phenotype further suggests that AGA is inherited as a complex trait disorder. It's reported in one of the studies that 81.5% of bald Caucasian sons had bald Caucasian fathers. The "baldness gene" (assuming this is true for simplicity) comes from both parents, and is additive, not recessive or dominant. What this means is, depending on the count of family members on both sides of your family who have gone bald, this is your odds of going bald as well. If 5/6 uncles (including your dad) and grandfathers on your paternal side are bald, and 2/3 of your uncles and grandfathers on your maternal side are bald, then odds that you will go bald is roughly (5+6)/(6+3)= 78%. It's not what exactly happens on a genetic level, but it's an easy and approximate method to find out the likelihood for your hair condition. The more family members you have, the lower the margin of error.
1.3. Am I balding?
Miniaturization may be the best way to identify androgenic hair loss. Do you have thinner and shorter hairs all over the edge of the hairline? Only 15% of all hair is in telogen phase at any given time, if you do have a lot of weak hair on the hairline that's in a telogen phase (thin and shorter hair), then you probably have MPB. It will take about a year or two for these hairs to stop growing completely, and whether or not the hair follicles behind them will have tissue expression that let's them suffer the same consequences might still be too early to tell. If you cannot see any miniaturization, then your hair loss isn't likely androgenic. Shedding might be from AA or Telogen effluvium. Check for Hypogonadism or Hypothyroidism. Every male gets a receding hairline, the severity of it gets classified as either a NW1 or a NW2, both are not considered male pattern baldness. But you cannot maintain a NW0 for life. Generally, anything beyond NW2 is officially MPB.
2. Treatments
2.1 Do treatments work?
Only a minority do, the only treatments proven to work are listed here. Supplements, shampoos, vitamins, minerals, laser therapy, all of these are controversial at best. And have no solid basis in medical literature. I'm personally not a big believer in natural oils and remedies. The results seem inconsistent and there isn't enough clinical trials done this matter to assess it's efficacy in terms of hair counts. Treatments, with whatever you choose, should be a life time commitment. Any changes in regimen triggers hair sheds. You should construct a regimen you are comfortable with and stick to it for best results. The following treatments do work for AGA, so read and learn carefully about each one and how they all fit together.
2.2 How long until I see results?
Normally, it takes quite a while to see any decent results. A typical timeframe would be shedding and slowing down of hair loss from 0-3 months, hair loss halting or improving starting from 3-6 months, some visible regrowth from 6-9 months, and the final saturated hair condition on the 12-24 month mark. Some treatments work faster than others. For example, ketoconazole and minoxidil typically show results faster than all the others. So don't feel pressured, a follicle can be dormant for three months before growing out again, be patient until the very end before deciding whether they are working for you or not.
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