WEIGHT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES:
WEIGHT GAIN FOR MUSCULAR STENGTH AND ENDURANCE
Energy in is greater than energy expended. Athletes wishing to increase their muscle mass will need to consume more calories per day than those they use up with exercise and daily activities. Depending on family genetics, your nutritional intake (amount and quality and when you eat), the types of exercises you do, when you do the exercises and the amount of rest you get are all contributing factors in gaining muscle mass. There is no easy formula that is legal. Above all, do not take steroids, pre-hormones or other supplement that is illegal and unsafe (See (NCAA drug testing site). Contact a certified athletic trainer to help advise you if you have questions about any substance you are considering taking.
Heredity is a limiting factor in gaining size. If you come from a family of thin people, you will have a harder time gaining bulky muscles. Still, it is possible to become stronger and gain weight appropriate to your skeletal size but not greater than your genetically predetermined limits.
The athlete will need to consume at least 500-1000 additional calories per day over time to gain a pound of muscle. Consuming extra calories in conjunction with a rigorous individually designed strength training program 3 or more times per week are major factors in increasing muscle mass.
Athletes need to eat 3 meals per day with snacks and not skip any meals such as breakfast or lunch. It is important to eat a little more at each meal than is normally eaten of preferably nutrient dense foods. Do not increase fat intake above the recommended daily percentage.
Low calorie foods and foods high in fiber such as salads, cereals and grains are filling for the amount of calories they provide and should be a limited part of the diet for weight gaining purposes. Expensive weight-gain drinks are not necessary, simply eat more. Carbohydrates are very important in this process as they will allow you the extra muscle energy needed for the strength training exercises. Drinking extra fluids are an easy way to add extra calories. Low fat milk or fruit juices are easy to obtain and fruit juices in particular, are quite high in calories.
Key Points
Energy in needs to be greater than energy expended.
Consume at least 500-1000 additional calories per day to achieve a .5 to 1.0 kg weekly gain in lean tissue. 2000-2500 extra kcal are needed from a well-balanced diet for each .5 kg increase in lean tissue. Excess calories are stored as fat. Again, training type, intensity and frequency as well as heredity and hormonal factors contribute to the type and amount of tissue formed. Endurance exercise can increase lean tissue slightly and change body composition from fat to leaner as well, however, endurance training in general will not increase muscle bulk.
Eat nutritious wholesome foods from a variety of food groups.
Rigorous strength training 3 or more times per week is necessary.
Know your genetic limitations.
Dont use questionable or illegal supplements.
References
Berning, JR. Through Thick and Thin: Weight Control for Athletes. Training and Conditioning. 9(6), Sept., 1999.
Christian, JL and Greger, JL. Nutrition for Living. 4th ed. Reading, MA: Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Inc. 1994.
McArdle, WD, Katch, FI, & Katch, VL. Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance. 3rd Ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1991.
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