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Update -- Endocrine Phsiology
I have in my possession a copy of a published 2007 book used in medicine for endocrine physiology. Indeed, insulin promotes protein synthesis in many cells. It increases A.A. uptake and mRNA translation in muscle and adipose of proteins. Insulin also inhibits proteolysis (the breakdown of amino acids).
As was mentioned, the liver uses the increase in BCAAs for ATP synthesis (energy), but also in the liver protein synthesis is increased during digestion.
Post-worked, it can be inferred insulin is needed. Insulin promotes glycogen synthesis in muscles. During a workout, muscle and liver glycogen stores are broken into glucose and the glucose is then burned up into ATP. What's important is that excessive carbohydrate intake will cause insulin to increase triglyceride synthesis (triglycerides are composed of fatty acids) and this excessive intake will also lead to insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is the result of the body shutting down its normal duties in response to insulin being present at their receptors. As a result, progressive insulin resistance induction will result in type 2 diabetes mellitus ( a current U.S. epidemic health problem).
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