Garcinia cambogia..the new weight loss supple?

[kingcarlos]

http://chppm-www.apgea.army.mil/dhpw/wellness/ dietary/Factsheets/GarciniaCambogia.pdf

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/q...?cmd=Retrieve& db=PubMed&list_uids=9820262&dopt=Citation

Garcinia cambogia (hydroxycitric acid) as a potential antiobesity agent: a randomized controlled trial.

Heymsfield SB, Allison DB, Vasselli JR, Pietrobelli A, Greenfield D, Nunez C.

Department of Medicine, Obesity Research Center, St Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10025, USA. sbh2@columbia.edu

CONTEXT: Hydroxycitric acid, the active ingredient in the herbal compound Garcinia cambogia, competitively inhibits the extramitochondrial enzyme adenosine triphosphate-citrate (pro-3S)-lyase. As a citrate cleavage enzyme that may play an essential role in de novo lipogenesis inhibition, G cambogia is claimed to lower body weight and reduce fat mass in humans. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of G cambogia for body weight and fat mass loss in overweight human subjects. DESIGN: Twelve-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Outpatient weight control research unit. PARTICIPANTS: Overweight men and women subjects (mean body mass index [weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters], approximately 32 kg/m2). INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomized to receive either active herbal compound (1500 mg of hydroxycitric acid per day) or placebo, and both groups were prescribed a high-fiber, low-energy diet. The treatment period was 12 weeks. Body weight was evaluated every other week and fat mass was measured at weeks 0 and 12. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Body weight change and fat mass change. RESULTS: A total of 135 subjects were randomized to either active hydroxycitric acid (n = 66) or placebo (n = 69); 42 (64%) in the active hydroxycitric acid group and 42 (61%) in the placebo group completed 12 weeks of treatment (P = .74). Patients in both groups lost a significant amount of weight during the 12-week treatment period (P<.001); however, between-group weight loss differences were not statistically significant (mean [SD], 3.2 [3.3] kg vs 4.1 [3.9] kg; P = .14). There were no significant differences in estimated percentage of body fat mass loss between treatment groups, and the fraction of subject weight loss as fat was not influenced by treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: Garcinia cambogia failed to produce significant weight loss and fat mass loss beyond that observed with placebo.

http://healthyherbs.about.com/od/fit...p/garcinia.htm (usage)
http://www.deliciouslivingmag.com/he...tentID=2863003 (main acid in garcinia)

(-)-Hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is a compound found in Garcinia cambogia, a type of fruit. HCA has a chemical structure similar to that of citric acid (the primary acid in citrus fruits).

Preliminary research in the laboratory and in animal research, suggests that HCA may be a useful weight loss aid.1 2 HCA has been demonstrated in the laboratory (but not yet in trials with people) to reduce the conversion of carbohydrates into stored fat by inhibiting certain enzyme processes.3 4 Animal research indicates that HCA suppresses appetite and induces weight loss.5 6 7 8 One case report found that eating 1 gram of the fruit containing HCA before each meal resulted in the loss of 1 pound per day.9

A double-blind trial that provided either 1,500 mg of HCA or a placebo per day to 135 overweight men and women, who also were on a calorie-restricted diet, found after 12 weeks that the HCA supplementation did not produce a significant change in weight loss.10 Uncontrolled and/or preliminary evidence from several other human trials suggests the possibility that weight loss might occur;11 however, none of these studies is as methodologically strong as the negative trial previously mentioned. These less-rigorous studies used a similar calorie-restricted diet and a similar amount of HCA as the negative trial. However, the double-blind study used a high-fiber diet not used in the prior studies. It has been suggested that such a diet might limit absorption of HCA.12 Future studies that measure blood levels of HCA (to check whether or not the supplement was absorbed) are necessary to resolve this issue. At the present time, the effectiveness of HCA for weight loss remains unclear and unproven.

http://www.raysahelian.com/garcinia.html

Garcinia cambogia Research Update
High dose of Garcinia cambogia is effective in suppressing fat accumulation in developing male Zucker obese rats, but highly toxic to the testis.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2005 Mar;43(3):411-9.
We investigated the ability of Garcinia cambogia extract containing (-)- hydroxycitric acid (HCA) to suppress body fat accumulation in developing male Zucker obese (fa/fa) rats. We also examined histopathologically the safety of its high doses. Diets containing different levels of HCA (0, 10, 51, 102 and 154 mmol/kg diet) were fed to 6-week-old rats for 92 or 93 days. Each diet group was pair-fed to the 154 mmol HCA/kg diet group. Epididymal fat accumulation and histopathological changes in tissues were observed. The highest dose of HCA-containing Garcinia cambogia (154 mmol HCA/kg diet) showed significant suppression of epididymal fat accumulation in developing male Zucker obese rats, compared with the other groups. However, the diets containing 102 mmol HCA/kg diet and higher (778 and 1244 mg HCA/kg BW/d, respectively) caused potent testicular atrophy and toxicity, whereas diets containing 51 mmol HCA/kg diet (389 mg HCA/kg BW/d) or less did not. Accordingly, 51 mmol HCA/kg diet (389 mg HCA/kg BW/d) was deemed to be the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL).

Garcinia cambogia is able to decrease the acidity and to increase the mucosal defense in the gastric areas, thereby justifying its use as an anti-ulcerogenic agent.

Garcinia extract was isolated from the fruit of the Garcinia cambogia and was used as a potential antiobesity agent. In week 3 of culture with insulin, the fat cells exhibited more numerous and larger intracytoplasmic lipid droplets (i.e. 30-40 microm(2)). When Garcinia extract and insulin were added simultaneously, the accumulation of lipid droplets was inhibited and the peak droplet area shifted to become smaller (10-20 microm(2)). The activities of glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, a marker of adipose differentiation, were not significantly inhibited by the Garcinia extract. These findings suggest that the Garcinia extract inhibits lipid droplet accumulation in fat cells without affecting adipose conversion.

[kingcarlos]

An herb used for natural weight loss. The active ingredient is (-)hydroxycitric acid (HCA), an herbal extract from the Garcinia cambogia fruit grown in India. Evidence also suggests that it is also useful for the prevention and treatment of neoplastic disease(1).

How it works –
Hoffman-LaRoche, an international pharmaceutical company, and researchers at Brandeis University began investigating HCA in the early 1970’s. Their studies showed that the (-) form of HCA (which refers to the molecular configuration) was a potent and competitive inhibitor of citrate lyase, and enzyme primarily found in the liver, which is vital in regulating fat metabolism. At the cell level, (-)HCA molecules cleverly “trick” the citrate lyase enzyme, putting into motion a sequence of events. Fatty acids are the building blocks of fats and lipids. With (-)HCA filling the receptor sites of the citrate lyase enzymes, fewer fatty acids can be synthesized hence, there is less fat available for cellular storage. With less fat stored in the cells, there will be less build-up of body fat in the liver and adipose (fat) tissue. The net result makes available increases amounts of energy at the cell level (metabolic rate) to more rapidly degrade free fatty acids.

Studies also show that (-)HCA suppresses appetite and reduces food intake. When food is consumed, the body begins breaking down carbohydrates into glucose (a necessary form of sugar). A primary function of the liver is to ensure the blood continually has adequate amounts of glucose to fuel the brain with energy. Because (-)HCA temporarily inhibits the citrate lyase enzyme, excess glucose molecules that would normally break down into fat or cholesterol, are converted to glycogen in the liver. When glucose and glycogen reach a certain level, a signal of satiety, or fullness, is sent to the brain; appetite is thus suppressed and the desire for food intake is reduced.

The benefits of (-)HCA found in Garcinia cambogia are two-fold: 1) it inhibits the synthesis of fatty acids in the liver, and 2) it promotes an increased availability of glycogen in the liver, thus sending a “full” signal to the brain sooner.

This area of the brain affected is probably the hypothalamus, since it regulates food intake, water balance, and other things.

Clinical studies have proven the effectiveness of Garcinia cambogia in losing weight.

References:
(1) Goldstein, J.L. and Brown, M.S. in Nature, 343:425-430, 1990.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/q...&dopt=Citation

Antiproliferation, antioxidation and induction of apoptosis by Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) on SKBR3 human breast cancer cell line.

Moongkarndi P, Kosem N, Kaslungka S, Luanratana O, Pongpan N, Neungton N.

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Sri Ayudthaya Road, Rajdhevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. pypmk@mahidol.ac.th

This study was designed to determine the antiproliferative, apoptotic and antioxidative properties of crude methanolic extract (CME) from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana (family Guttiferae) using human breast cancer (SKBR3) cell line as a model system. SKBR3 cells were cultured in the presence of CME at various concentrations (0-50 microg/ml) for 48 h and the percentage of cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-di phenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. CME showed a dose-dependent inhibition of cell proliferation with ED(50) of 9.25+/-0.64 microg/ml. We found that antiproliferative effect of CME was associated with apoptosis on breast cancer cell line by determinations of morphological changes and oligonucleosomal DNA fragments. In addition, CME at various concentrations and incubation times were also found to inhibit ROS production. These investigations suggested that the methanolic extract from the pericarp of Garcinia mangostana had strong antiproliferation, potent antioxidation and induction of apoptosis. Thus, it indicates that this substance can show different activities and has potential for cancer chemoprevention which were dose dependent as well as exposure time dependent.

[Bane]

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