Cissus quadrangula 101

[cxm]

This is just some general info on Cissus that I have looked up for myself, and thought I should post it up.

Hadjod or Hadjora [Cissus quadrangula (L.)]

Contributor: Pankaj Oudhia

Copyright (c) 2002. All Rights Reserved. Quotation from this document should cite and acknowledge the contributor.

Scientific Name: Cissus quadrangula L.
syn. Vitis quadrangula (L.) Wallich ex Wight & Arn.

English Names: edible-stemmed vine

Common (Indian) Names
Sanskrit: asthisonhara; vajravalli Hindi: hadjod; hadjora; harsankari
Bengali: hasjora; harbhanga
Marathi: chaudhari; kandavela
Gujrati: chadhuri; vedhari
Telugu: nalleru
Tamil: pirandai
Canarese: mangaroli

Family: Vitaceae

Related Species
The genus Cissus include over 350 species. Some important species are:
Cissus adnata Roxb. syn. Vitis adnata Wall. ex. Wight. (Malyalam: nadena; Telugu: kokkita yaralu)
Cissus discolor Blume syn. Vitis discolor Dalz.
Cissus pallida Planch. syn. Vitis pallida W & A. (Canarese: kondage; Telugu: nalltige; Oriya: takuonoil)
Cissus repanda Vahl. syn. Vitis repanda W & A.
Cissus repens Lan. syn. Vitis repens W & A.
Cissus setosa syn. Vitis setosa Wall.

Distibution: In India, it grow as wild plant. Also under cultivation in fairly large areas.

Botany: Climbing herb, tendrils simple, opposite to the leaves, leaves simple or lobbed, sometimes 3-folialate, dentate. Flowers bisexual, tetramerous, in umbellate cymes, opposite to the leaves, Calyx cup-shaped, obscurely 4-lobed. Fruit globose or obovoid fleshy berries, one seeded, dark purple to black; seeds ellipsoid or pyriform. Flowering and fruiting time May-June.

Medicinal Properties and Uses: It is mainly used as healer of bone fractures. It is one of the very frequently used herb by traditional bone setters of India. (In Hindi Hadj=bone; Jod=to fix). It is also used for piles, asthma, digestive troubles, cough, and loss of appetite.

Ayurvedic formulations: Asthisamharaka juice, powder and decoction of dried stalks.

Chemical Constituents: Stem isolates include 3- keto steroids, onocer-7-en-3a, 21b-diol (I) and onecer-7-en-3a, 21a-diol (II).

Other Uses: Stems and roots yield strong fiber. Young shoots are used in curries.

Cultivation: In India, it is mainly grown in fence and in between tree plantations. The fence wire and trees act as support to this climbing herbs. In many parts, it is grown as field crop and given support with the help of Bamboo sticks.

Climate: It requires warm tropical climate.

Soils: It can be grown in various soils but prefers loamy soils.

Planting Season: Kharif (after commence of monsoon rains in June-July in India).

Propagation: Stem cuttings.

Spacing: 30 ? 30 cm.

Nutrients: In general it is grown organically. Initially, farm yard manure is applied (10-12 tonnes/ha.)

Pest Infestation: No major insects or diseases have been reported.

Harvest: It is a perennial crop. Stems are cut and air dried 11 months after sowing. Fresh stem cuttings are sold as planting material.

Internet Resources
My experience and interactions with herb collectors and growers of Chhattisgarh, India associated with medicinal herb Hadjod
(Cissus quadrangula) http://botanical.com/site/column_poudhia/43_hadjod.html
Interactions with the traditional healers and natives of Bhopalpatnam region, Chhattisgarh, India having rich traditional
medicinal knowledge about common herbs insects and other animals http://botanical.com/site/column_pou...palpatnam.html
Traditional medicinal knowledge about common herbs and herbal formulations used as initial measures in treatment of swellings in
Chhattisgarh, India http://botanical.com/site/column_pou...swellings.html

Resource person
Pankaj Oudhia
Society for Parthenium Management, (SOPAM)
28-A, College Road, Geeta Nagar
Raipur- 492001 India
E-mail: pankajoudhia@usa.net
Homepage: www.pankajoudhia.com
Phone: 91-771-253243
Mobile: 91-98271-15642
Fax: 91-771-536312

http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/C...ts/cissus.html

Cissus quadrangularis is an indigenous medicinal plant of India. The use of this plant by the common folk for promoting fracture healing process is an old practice. It has been prescribed in ancient Ayurvedic texts by Bhava Prakash and Chakra Dutta as a general tonic especially for the fractured patient. Since then it has been in extensive use by bone setters both for external application and as an internal medicine to be taken with milk. The stem of Cissus quadrangularis is also reputed in Ayurveda as alterative, anthelmintic, dyspeptic, digestive, tonic, analgesic in eye and ear diseases, in the treatment of irregular menstruation and asthma, and in complaints of the back and spine. Scientific studies have revealed the Cissus extract to possess cardiotonic and androgenic property.

Cissus quadrangularis contains high amount of vitamin C, carotene A, anabolic steroidal substances and calcium. These anabolic steroidal principles from Cissus quadrangularis showed a marked influence in the rate of fracture- healing by influencing early regeneration of all connective tissues of mesenchyma origin, namely the fibroblasts, the chondroblasts and osteoblasts involved in the healing and quicker mineralization of the callus. It has greater impact on osteoblastic proliferation than other cellular responses.

Cissus quadrangularis causes less amount of tissue reaction in the fractured region leading to optimum decalcification in the early stage with minimum of callus formation. Hence deposition of calcium is just enough to join the two broken segments of bone so that it?s remodeling takes much faster. This early completion of calcification process and earlier remodeling phenomenon lead to early recovery of Cissus treated animals. Cissus is also shown to cause early gain in the tensile strength of fractured bones of about 90 per cent of its normal strength at the end of 6 week. Cissus quadrangularis builds up the chemical composition of the fractured bone namely its mucopolysaccharides, collagen, calcium, phosphorus and others as well as its functional efficiency. Mucopolysaccharides play an important role in the healing by supplying raw materials for repairs. Therefore it seems that in the early period of bone fracture healing the greater the accumulation of these materials more rapid will be the rate of healing. Rapid the utilization of these raw materials earlier will be completion of healing process. Cissus quadrangualris not only causes the greater accumulation of mucopolysaccharides but also an earlier disappearance of mucopolysaccharides from the fractured area, associated with the earlier calcification and firmer callus formation.

In clinical trials Cissus quadrangularis as per radiological and clinical observations has been found to cause considerable reduction in the healing time of fractures by 55-33 percent. In few of the treated cases, although radiologically only, an early callus formation was observed but clinically the symptoms of fracture such as pain, tenderness, and swelling were significantly absent.

Cissus quadrangularis is shown to neutralize the anti-anabolic effect of steroids like cortisone in healing of fractures. Antianabolic effects of cortisone include inhibition of tissue regeneration and repair, also retarding formation of the specific skeletal structures. In such conditions even if the cartilage tissue is produced, its maturation and ultimate bone replacement do not take place in the normal pattern. It has main inhibitory action on fibroblasts and mast cells, which produce mucopolysaccharides of connective tissue. There have been reports that continuous intake of corticosteroids induces osteoporosis and pseudofractures in the bone.

Imbalance in the activities of osteoclasts (cells responsible for bone loss) and osteoblasts (cells responsible for bone formation) may lead to osteoporosis and fractures in postmenopausal women. In osteoporosis, the bones begin to deteriorate due to calcium deficiency as a result of the body's efficiency in maintaining mineral balance in the blood at the expense of bone integrity. During menopause the decrease in hormones affects the body's ability to maintain calcium levels resulting in an increased loss of minerals from the bones. Postmenopausal women are at particular risk to osteoporosis because the loss of estrogen associated with the menopause leads to bone loss of much greater magnitude than one would expect on the basis of age alone. Cissus quadrangularis with significant ability to inhibit antianabolic effects and bone fracture healing effects is likely to exert some beneficial effects on recovery of bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

NOMENCLATURE

Latin name: Cissus quadrangula Linn
Synonym: Vitis quadrangularis Wall
Family: Vitaceae
Indian names:

Sansak : Vajravalli, Chaturdhara, Asthisandana,
Assam : Harjara
Beng. : Hadajora, harjora
Guj : Hadasankala, Chodhari, hadsand, vedhari
Hindi : Hadjod
Kan. : Mangaraballi
Mal. : Changalam Parande
Mar : Kandvel, Chaudhari, hursanher,
Ori. : Hadbhanga
Panj. : Haddjor
Tam. : Perandi, vachiravalli
Tel. : Nalleru-teega .
Urdu : Hathjod

http://www.herbal-supplements-usa.co...ngularis-0.asp

[cxm]

More info...

The Effect of Cissus Quadrangularis (CQR-300) and A Cissus Formulation (CORE) on Obesity and
Obesity-Induced Oxidative Stress

Julius E Oben, Damaris Mandob Enyegue, Gilles I Fomekong, Yves B Soukontoua and Gabriel A Agbor

Lipids in Health and Disease Vol 6
An Open Access Research article
Published 4 February 2007

Abstract (provisional)

Aim: Obesity is generally linked to complications in lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a proprietary extract of Cissus quadrangularis (CQR-300) to that of a proprietary formulation containing CQR-300 (CORE) on weight, blood lipids, and oxidative stress in overweight and obese people.

Methods

The first part of the study investigated the in vitro antioxidant properties of CQR-300 and CORE using 3 different methods, while the second part of the study was a double-blind placebo controlled design, involving initially 168 overweight and obese persons (38.7% males; 61.3% females; ages 19-54), of whom 153 completed the study. All participants received two daily doses of CQR-300, CORE, or placebo and were encouraged to maintain their normal levels of physical activity. Anthropometric measurements and blood sampling were done at the beginning and end of the study period.

Results

CQR-300 as well as CORE exhibited antioxidant properties in vitro. They also acted as in vivo antioxidants, bringing about significant (p<0.001) reductions in plasma TBARS and carbonyls. Both CQR-300 and CORE also brought about significant reductions in weight, body fat, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose levels over the respective study periods. These changes were accompanied by a significant increase in HDL-cholesterol levels, plasma 5-HT, and creatinine.

Conclusion

CQR-300 (300 mg daily) and CORE (1028 mg daily) brought about significant reductions in weight and blood glucose levels, while decreasing serum lipids thus improving cardiovascular risk factors. The increase in plasma 5-HT and creatinine for both groups hypothesizes a mechanism of controlling appetite and promoting the increase of lean muscle mass by Cissus quadrangularis, thereby supporting the clinical data for weight loss and improving cardiovascular health.

Lipids in Health and Disease 2007, 6:4 doi:10.1186/1476-511X-6-4

The complete article is available as a provisional PDF. The fully formatted PDF and HTML versions are in production.

http://www.obgyn.net/weight-manageme...idative_stress



http://www.lipidworld.com/content/pdf/1476-511x-6-4.pdf

Use of the plant Cissus quadrangularis or its extracts for osteo-health including prevention or mitigation of degenerative disease, fracture healing and anabolic increase in osteo tissues

Document Type and Number:
United States Patent 20050048141

Kind Code: A1

Abstract:
The present invention relates to a composition containing Cissus quadrangularis from the family Cissus sp. or its extracts for use in a nutritional product, dietary supplement or pharmaceutical composition wherein the composition provides prevention and treatment of osteo-health related disorders and diseases as well as effective fracture healing through the use of anabolic steroid properties that increase the therapeutic process. The invention also relates to an extraction process for obtaining such composition.

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/20050048141.html

The use of a Cissus quadrangularis formulation in the management of weight loss and metabolic syndrome
Julius Oben,corresponding author1 Dieudonne Kuate,1 Gabriel Agbor,1,2 Claudia Momo,1 and Xavio Talla1
1Department of Biochemistry, University of Yaound? I, Yaound?, Cameroon
2Institute of Medical Research & Medicinal Plant studies, Yaounde, Cameroon
corresponding authorCorresponding author.
Julius Oben: juliusoben@hotmail.com; Dieudonne Kuate: dkuatefr@yahoo.fr; Gabriel Agbor: agogae@yahoo.fr; Claudia Momo: momo_claudia@yahoo.fr; Xavio Talla: xavio_talla@uy1-lnnb.com
Received July 14, 2006; Accepted September 2, 2006.

Aim
Once considered a problem of developed countries, obesity and obesity-related complications (such as metabolic syndrome) are rapidly spreading around the globe. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the use of a Cissus quadrangularis formulation in the management of metabolic syndrome, particularly weight loss and central obesity.

Methods
The study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design involving 123 overweight and obese persons (47.2% male; 52.8% female; ages 19–50). The 92 obese (BMI >30) participants were randomized into three groups; placebo, formulation/no diet, and formulation/diet (2100–2200 calories/day). The 31 overweight participants (BMI = 25–29) formed a fourth (no diet) treatment group. All participants received two daily doses of the formulation or placebo and remained on a normal or calorie-controlled diet for 8 weeks.

Results
At the end of the trial period, statistically significant net reductions in weight and central obesity, as well as in fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein were observed in participants who received the formulation, regardless of diet.

Conclusion
Cissus quadrangularis formulation appears to be useful in the management of weight loss and metabolic syndrome.

Full write up
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/art...&artid=1570348

[NEADmike]

Thanks!

Mike.

[eldawg]

Thanks...appreciate the time and effort you took to do this research.

[canes0629]

cliff notes lol? so cissus helps obesity, fractures, and other heath issues? did it say anything about ligments

[BuckeyeMuscle]

Great read....thanks CXM

[HalleluYAH]

I found it interesting that the conclusion of the study entitled The effect of Cissus quadrangularis (CQR-300) and a Cissus formulation (CORE) on obesity and obesity-induced oxidative stress states "and promoting the increase of lean muscle mass by Cissus quadrangularis..."

I also like the idea of reducing oxidative stress related adipose.

Thoughts anyone?

[Lonny]

Originally Posted by HalleluYAH

I found it interesting that the conclusion of the study entitled The effect of Cissus quadrangularis (CQR-300) and a Cissus formulation (CORE) on obesity and obesity-induced oxidative stress states "and promoting the increase of lean muscle mass by Cissus quadrangularis..."

I also like the idea of reducing oxidative stress related adipose.

Thoughts anyone?

I wish I could get ahold of some to try out. All the studies seem to be pretty positive and it seems to have lots of all around usage potential. I'd seen the study on reduced adipose caused by stress, and other stuff alluding to its effectiveness at combating Metabolic Syndrome X.

Where the problem may lie is if companies take a study like this and blow it out of proportion, and make huge claims on this stuff. I've not used it, I don't know just how effective it is for various things, but if its slightly effective for a number of things (ala Forskolin) and not really effective at 1 thing, then people may be disapointed.

[iw1]

Originally Posted by Lonny

I wish I could get ahold of some to try out. All the studies seem to be pretty positive and it seems to have lots of all around usage potential. I'd seen the study on reduced adipose caused by stress, and other stuff alluding to its effectiveness at combating Metabolic Syndrome X.

Where the problem may lie is if companies take a study like this and blow it out of proportion, and make huge claims on this stuff. I've not used it, I don't know just how effective it is for various things, but if its slightly effective for a number of things (ala Forskolin) and not really effective at 1 thing, then people may be disapointed.

i think alot of it lies in the quality of extract how much % of chemical constituts are in it and what % of each.

in studies it's possible to isolate one of the constitutes and it may have great effects on fat loss while another may prove more anabolic. in the seperate studies their using 100% of the active while what were getting may only be 5% of one 13% of another (not actual just example) and a company could claim an umbrella of all studies.

that said i do take my cissus and feel benifites.

[TMann]

Great post man!! I really appreciate the info, as I am currently in the 2nd week of healing from a fractured thumb. I'm taking Bulk Cissus and I hope it helps speed my recovery...